Propellerhead Reason - 4.0 Manual de Operações descarregar pdf (Página 192)

SUBTRACTOR SYNTHESIZER

190

Frequency Modulation (FM)

In synthesizer-speak, Frequency Modulation, or FM, is when the frequency of one os-

cillator (called the “carrier”) is modulated by the frequency of another oscillator (called

the “modulator”). Using FM can produce a wide range of harmonic and non harmonic

sounds. In Subtractor, Osc 1 is the carrier and Osc 2 the modulator. To try out some

of the effects FM can produce, proceed as follows:

1. Select an Init Patch by selecting “Initialize Patch” from the Edit menu.

2. Activate Osc 2.

As you need both a carrier and a modulator to produce FM, turning the FM knob

will not produce any effect unless you first activate Osc 2. For classic FM sounds,

use sine wave on oscillator 1 and triangle wave on oscillator 2.

3. Use the FM knob to set the FM amount to a value of about 50.

As you can hear, the timbre changes, but the effect isn’t very pronounced yet.

4. Turn the Osc Mix knob fully to the left, so that only the sound of Osc 1 is

heard.

The modulator (Osc 2) still affects Osc 1, even though the Osc 2 output is muted.

5. Now, hold down a note on your MIDI keyboard and tune Osc 2 a fifth up from

the original pitch by setting the Osc 2 frequency “Semi” parameter to a value

of 7.

As you can hear, for each semitone step you vary the Osc 2 frequency, the timbre

changes dramatically. Setting Osc 2 frequency to certain musical intervals (i.e.

fourth, fifth or octave semitone steps) produces harmonic, rich timbres, almost like

tube distortion. Setting Osc 2 to non-musical intervals usually results in complex,

enharmonic timbres.

✪ Experiment with different oscillator parameters such as phase offset

modulation, changing the waveforms etc. and listen to how they affect

the sound of frequency modulation.

Using the Noise Generator as the Modulator source

As explained earlier, the Noise Generator is internally routed to the Osc 2 output.

Hence, if you deactivate Osc 2, and activate the Noise Generator while using FM, the

noise will be used to frequency modulate Osc 1.

✪ With the Noise Generators default settings, this will sound much like col-

ored noise. But by changing (lowering) the Noise Generator Decay pa-

rameter, so that the noise modulates only the attack portion of the sound

can produce more interesting results. You could also use a combination

of noise and Osc 2.

Ring Modulation

Ring Modulators basically multiply two audio signals together. The ring modulated

output contains added frequencies generated by the sum of, and the difference be-

tween, the frequencies of the two signals. In the Subtractor Ring Modulator, Osc 1 is

multiplied with Osc 2 to produce sum and difference frequencies. Ring modulation

can be used to create complex and enharmonic, bell-like sounds.

1. Select an Init Patch by selecting “Initialize Patch” from the Edit menu.

Save any current settings you wish to keep before initializing.

2. Activate Ring Modulation with the button in the lower right corner of the os-

cillator section.

3. Activate Osc 2.

You need to activate Osc 2 before any ring modulation can happen.

4. Turn the Osc Mix knob fully to the right, so that only the sound of Osc 2 is

heard.

Osc 2 provides the ring modulated output.

5. If you play a few notes while varying the frequency of either oscillator, by us-

ing the Semitone spin controls, you can hear that the timbre changes dra-

matically.

If the oscillators are tuned to the same frequency, and no modulation is applied to

either the Osc 1 or 2 frequency, the Ring Modulator won’t do much. It is when the

frequencies of Osc 1 and Osc 2 differ, that you get the “true” sound of ring mod-

ulation.

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